Gas burner



A ug. 26,1969 I .TT R. .H ETAL 3,463,602

GAS BURNER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 28, 1967 r 4 3 Yl 1| 0 O U h 2 Has IN VENTOR'S.

GORDON M. BITTE'RL/CH PAUL J. BIN/(ER ATTORNEY Aug. 26, 1969 M T R ET AL 3,463,602

GAS BURNER Filed July 28. 1967 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 /NVENTORS. ammo/v M. al 776/71. 1c

PAUL J. BIN/(ER ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,463,602 GAS BURNER Gordon M. Bitterlich, Tredylfrin Township, Chester County, and Paul J. Binker, Philadelphia, Pa., assignors to National Airoil Burner Company, Incorporated, Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Delaware Filed July 28, 1967, Ser. No. 656,858 Int. Cl. F23m 9/06, 9/08 US. Cl. 431-188 8 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention This invention relates to gas burners, particularly for raw gas, in which the gas is directed into contact with air for combustion so as to provide a turbulent pattern of gas jets.

Description of the prior art It has heretofore been proposed to deliver combustible gas for admixture with air to effect combustion but the provisions for burning raw gas at high combustion rates, and with stability over a wide range have not been wholly satisfactory.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is the principal object of the present invention to provide a gas burner particularly suited for raw gas, in which a short flame is employed, with optimum mixing of gas and air and capable of very high heat release.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide .a gas burner of the character aforesaid with which the combustion is stable with variable input, as well as over a wide range, such stability being maintained even with excess air greatly beyond that for burning and with controlled and uncontrolled fluctuations in gas pressure.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a gas burner which is capable of operation over a wide range of pressure conditions and which does not require any diffuser shield.

It is a further object of the present invention to providea gas burner having a flame pattern which is short, stiff and well mixed, which is free from waver and flare out, and which is confined in diameter to the block exit diameter of the refractory block with which the burner head is associated.

Other objects and advantageous features of the invention will be apparent from the description and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The nature and characteristic features of the invention will be more readily understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming part thereof, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation of a preferred embodiment of a gas burner in accordance with the invention;

3,463,602 Patented Aug. 26, 1969 FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view, enlarged, taken approximately on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view, further enlarged, taken approximately on the line 3--3 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken approximately on the line 44 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but illustrating another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 3 illustrating the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 5; and

FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 2 illustrating another embodiment of the invention.

It should, of course, be understood that the description and drawings herein are illustrative merely, and that various modifications and changes can be made in the structure disclosed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the drawings, in which one preferred embodiment is shown, a wall plate 10 may be provided with a ceramic refractory lining 11. The wall plate 10 and lining 11 may be vertical, horizontal or inclined although for purposes of illustration they are shown as providing a horizontal wall or door of a furnace.

The wall plate 10 has an opening 12 and a muflle block 14 is employed mounted on the wall plate 10 with interposed refractory cement 15. The muffle block 14 has a central opening 17 therethrough shown as having a diverging conical shape. While the opening 17 is shown as conical the particular shape illustrated is not critical. The opening 17 may be conical or cylindrical at the location toward which the flame is directed but must allow for increased combustion in the block and must have sufficient volume to keep the pressure drop longitudinally axially within proper design requirements.

The wall plate 10 preferably has mounted thereon a register 20 to provide for control of the air supply.

One suitable form of air register is that shown in the application for letters patent of Robert J. Casey, filed June 8, 1967, Ser. No. 644,627, now abandoned. The register 20* shown includes a housing 21 with an axially movable air band assembly 22 mounted thereon. The band assembly 22 has a plurality of resiliently held bands 23 with cam slots 24 movable along bolts 25 which are supported on the housing 21. The housing 21 supports a closure plate 26 so that movement of the air band assembly 22 as controlled by the cam slots 24 determines the size of air inlet opening 28 between the air band assembly 22 and the plate 26.

The closure plate 26 is preferably provided with a sound insulating and absorbing and heat insulating refractory disc 27 to reduce noise transmission, to protect the plate 26 from radiant heat and to transfer heat to the incoming air to preheat that air.

A raw gas pipe 30 is provided extending centrally through the closure plate 26 with a nozzle or burner head 31 on the end of the pipe 30. The head 31 has an internally threaded portion 32 engaged with a complementally threaded end 35 on the pipe 30.

The interior space 36 of the burner head 31 can be shaped in any desired manner to permit of gas delivery as hereinafter pointed out.

The exterior of the burner head 31 includes an outer longitudinal cylindrical face 37, a frustoconical face 38 and a flat transverse terminal end face 39. The angle between the end face 39 and the frustoconical face 38 in a particular embodiment can be of the order of 50 or 55.

In order to deliver the gas from the interior space 36 for combustion a plurality of drilled holes 40- are provided, the total area of the holes 40 being dependent upon the gas pressure and also being sufificient in number and distributed around the preiphery so that the jets of gas therefrom interact to provide stability. An insuflicient number of holes around the periphery results in a loss of the jet interaction.

In the particular embodiment and with the gas pressure about 15 p.s.i.g. and heat release of the order of 1,500,000 B.t.u. per hour, twenty holes 40 with a No. 55 drill provided satisfactory results.

The holes 40 considered with respect to a plane through the longitudinal axis (see FIG. 4) are at an angle indicated as a which is greater than 22 /2 and less than 75, one suitable angle being 37 /2 The holes 40, considered transversely, are preferably at an angle indicated as b (FIG. 3) which angle is in the range from 30 to 75 and preferably 55 in a particular embodiment. The effect of change of this angle is to change the heat release and this in turn changes the noise level. The operation is quieter with a narrower angle.

While a pilot maybe employed if desired, this has been omitted as it forms no part of the invention.

The mode of operation will now be pointed out.

Air induced in any desired manner enters the register opening 28, as determined by the setting thereof, passes upwardly within the register 20, in surrounding relation to the pipe 30 through the opening 12 in the floor plate 10 in surrounding relation to the head 31, and through the opening 17 in the mufile block 14.

Raw gas under pressure is supplied to the pipe and is discharged through the openings 40 in a swirl pattern at an angle both to a radius in a transverse plane and at an angle to the longitudinal axis.

The gas from the opening 440 is directed toward the interior face of the opening 17 in the muffie block 14 and in intersecting relation to the incoming air and combustion is effected with a short stiff flame confined transversely within the muffie block opening 17. The energy derived from the pressure of the raw gas is the principal source of energy for efiecting the distribution and mixing of the raw gas with the air for combustion. The increasing diameter of the opening 17 allows for combustion within the block 14.

The head 31 is not required to be oversize but only large enough for the supply pipe 30.

The energy of the gas discharged through the openings 40 is utilized to obtain and is sufficient for attaining the desired turbulence with ambient air and with natural draft induction of the air. The air supplied through the register is at low energy levels and does not require any air spinner vanes or the like. Heat releases in the range from one half to nineteen million B.t.u. per hour with different size and number of openings 40 have been effected, and with the furnace draft in the range from 0.02 to 0.50 inch of water.

Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 5 and 6, in the embodiment of the invention therein illustrated, the head 31a there shown has an outer longitudinal cylindrical face 37a, a frustoconical face 38a, an outer longitudinal cylindrical face 42 and a flat transverse terminal end face 39a.

The frustoconical face 38a has in intersecting relation thereto holes 40 which instead of being directed outwardly as in FIGS. 1 to 4, inclusive, are similar insofar as the anglea is concerned to the disposition in FIG. 4, but are directed inwardly and at an angle indicated at b which is in the range from 90 to 120 and preferably about 110 in a particular embodiment.

The manner of operation is similar to that-previously described except for the direction of initial movement of the raw gas as determined by the disposition of the openings 40 in FIGS. 5 and 6.

Referring now more particularly to FIG. 7, in the embodiment of the invention there shown in place of the air register, a duct 45 is provided connected to a suitable source of air under pressure to supply forced draft. The duct 45 may have a control damper 46 therein for control of the air supplied for combustion and a screen 47 for smoothing out the air flow and providing a more uniform distribution around the head 31. The head 31 and associated structure is the same as that previously described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 4, inclusive, and functions in a similar manner.

The burner herein described is stable with variable input over a wide range of gas flow, with low turn down, and with large quantities of air beyond that required for burning. No waver or flare out occurs in operation.

We claim:

1. A gas burner construction comprising:

a wall having a refractory muflle block mounted theresaid mufile block having a diverging opening therethrough with a bounding face,

a combustible gas supply pipe extending through said means and having a burner head on its innermost end disposed in said rnuflle block opening and providing a short stiff flame confined by said mufile block opening,

the said pipe and burner means being spaced from said face, and p means for supplying air to the mufile block through the space thus formed,

said burner head having a closed end face and a-si.(e surface extending from said end face with a plurality of combustible gas delivery openings extending from the interior thereof and through said side surface and directed toward said mufile block bounding face,

said openings being at an angle with respect to a transverse radius of said head, and

further being at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of said pipe and said head.

2. A gas burner construction as defined in claim 1 in which said side surface is frustoconical.

3. A gas'burner constructionas defined in claim 2 in which the angle between said end face and said frustoconical face is about 50. 7

4. A gas burner construction as defined in claim 2 in which said first angle is in the range of from greater than 22 /2 to less than 5. A gasburner construction as defined in claim 2 in which said first angle is of the order of 37 /2 6. A gas burner construction as defined in claim 2 in which said second angle is in the range from 30 to 120. 7. A gas burner, construction as defined in claim 2 in which said second angle measured as a cone angle is about 8. A gas burner construction as defined in claim 2 in which:v

said first angle is in the range of from greater than 22 /2 to less than 75, and

said second angle is in the range from 30 to References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS FREDERICK L. MATFESON, JR., Primary Examiner B, RAMEY, Assistant Examiner 

